Prepare Shortcrust Pastry: Sift the flour and add salt. Cut cold butter into cubes and blend into the flour using fingertips or a pastry blender until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Work quickly to avoid melting butter.
Form Dough: Incorporate egg yolk and gradually add cold water, kneading gently until dough holds together in a ball. Avoid overworking to prevent tough dough. Wrap in plastic wrap and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
Prepare Tart Shell: Butter a tart dish. Lightly flour working surface and rolling pin. Roll dough into a disk about 3 mm thick. Carefully transfer and unroll dough over tart dish. Trim excess dough leaving some overhang. Chill for at least 15 minutes to prevent shrinkage.
Cook Onions: Melt butter over low heat. Add 1 tablespoon of Épices du Chef. Add sliced onions and cook for 10-15 minutes, stirring frequently to prevent burning.
Make Filling Sauce: Remove pan from heat, stir in flour, then whisk over low heat for a few minutes without browning. Gradually add half the milk, bring to a boil while whisking. Add remaining milk, boil again for 2 minutes until thick enough to coat back of spoon.
Season Filling: Remove from heat. Stir in mustard, pepper, and 1 teaspoon Épices du Chef. Let mixture cool slightly.
Add Egg Yolks and Cheese: Beat egg yolks and mix into filling. Fold in grated Gruyere cheese gently.
Assemble and Bake: Pour filling into chilled tart shell. Sprinkle remaining cheese on top. Bake in preheated oven at 350°F (175°C) for 30-45 minutes until golden and set.
Rest and Serve: Let tart cool for 10-15 minutes before removing from tart dish to avoid breaking. Slice and serve warm.